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The Science:

 How Ellagic Acid prevents & treats Breast Cancer

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Ellagic Acid, Raspberries, & Breast Cancer

 

 Ellagic acid (EA), an herbal polyphenol found in pomegranates, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, walnuts, and other fruits, nuts, and tree bark. 

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Ellagic Acid is increasingly being investigated due to it's wide range of healthy effects within the human body. EA is a known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and anti-proliferative agent. EA has considerable therapeutic potential in the treatment of a wide range of human disease, including various cancers, including breast cancer. 

 

Additionally, EA has well documented antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties.

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Raspberries

Eat Raspberries!

Ellagic Acid(EA) has highly cell type-dependent effects on cellular metabolism

 

Multitudinal effects on mitochondrial function within specific cell types suggest that there is not a single target of action for Ellagic Acid. 

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Scientific study continues to unravel how Ellagic Acid targets, treats, and prevents a host of diseases via uniquely tailored mechanisms of action.

Raspberries
Pomegranate

Isn’t it possible that plant medicine is already in its perfect form for human consumption and health?

Blackberries

The pharmaceutical industry can't patent & profit from natural medicine-they can only copy cat natures perfection

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Ellagic Acids(EA) molecular mechanism is mainly reflected in inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells through VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, PKC signaling pathway and COX-2 signaling pathway.

Ellagic acid plays an anti-angiogenic role in breast cancer BC through inhibition (down-regulation) of the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, and the downstream downregulation of MAPK and PIk13/AKT pathways. This prevents bc cell proliferation and migration.

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Ellagic acids molecular mechanism involved in cancer is mainly reflected in inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells through VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, PKC signaling pathway and COX-2 signaling pathway. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, JNK (cJun) signaling pathway, mitochondrial pathway, Bcl-2 / Bax signaling pathway, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway induced apoptosis of tumor cells and blocked EMT process and MMP SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway inhibits the metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, induces autophagy and affects tumor metabolic reprogramming to produce anti-tumor effects.

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1.  MAPKs play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer BC the expression of MAPK and EGFR is closely associated with tumor invasion and the  metastasis of TNBC, and may therefore be used as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with TNBC.

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2.  Elevated ERK-1 or ERK-2 activity was associated with a shorter disease-free survival interval in patients with breast cancer

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3.  There is a tumor suppression function for the JNK signaling pathway in HER2+ breast cancer.

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4.  p38α was found to be required for tumor progression in a mouse model of breast cancer, where p38α deletion impaired the DNA damage response and increased replicative stress, DNA damage and chromosome instability (CIN).  Also in a model of breast cancer, p38δ deletion reduces tumor volume.

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5.  VEGF is highly up-regulated in breast cancer. Compared with normal or benign breast tissues, breast cancer showed higher levels of VEGF transcripts

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6.  PD-L1 expression is associated with high grade, non-luminal subtypes of breast cancer .

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7.  Elevated Src expression has been seen in multiple solid tumors including breast cancer Src kinase activity is greatly increased in breast cancer tissue compared with normal breast tissue

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8.  PI3K mutations in breast cancer

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9.  The role of the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.Excessive activation of the PI3K–AKT pathway can lead to cancer development

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10.  Six hub genes (PSMC6, AURKB, CASP9, BAD, ZNF24, and SSX2IP) that were significantly associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. The expression of CASP9 protein was associated with prognosis and immune cells infiltration of breast cancer.

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11. COX-2 expression is associated with angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer

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12.  G0/G1 Switch 2 Induces Cell Survival and Metastasis through Integrin-Mediated Signal Transduction in Human Invasive Breast Cancer Cells .G0S2 tends to be over-expressed in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines.

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13.  Overexpression of several PKCs has been reported in malignant human breast tissue and breast cancer cell lines

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14.  NF-κB signaling plays an important role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. In breast cancer, RANKL activates NF-κB, inducing cellular proliferation by targeting cyclin D1 gene . Survival is also mediated by NF-κB through increased inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) and Bcl-xL.

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15. HIF-1 (Hypoxia inducible Factor 1)plays important roles in breast cancer metastasis by mediating hypoxia-induced expression of mRNA-encoding genes. HIF-1 also regulates the expression of non-coding RNAs, which are critical regulators of migration, invasion, and metastasis.

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16.  Expression of the BAD pathway is a marker of triple-negative BC status and poor outcome. BAD is phosphorylated at serine-136 by protein kinase B (PKB/AKT).

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17.  Snail, a transcriptional factor, in breast cancer. Overexpression of Snail has been associated with breast cancer metastasis

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18.  Serum MMP-9 levels were significantly upregulated in breast cancer patients

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19.  Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) involvement in breast cancer progression

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20.  Cyclin D1 overexpression has been reported in up to 50% of human breast cancers

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21. (CDK4/6) inhibitors are a highly effective therapy for HR-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative subtype breast cancer

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22.  The Hh protein family, consisting of Sonic (SHH), Indian (IHH) and Desert (DHH) Hedgehog, activates a signaling cascade in cancer. The relevance of the Hedge hog(Hh) signaling in BC, suggests that this pathway is key for BC progression and metastasis.

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23.  Notch signaling(Noth) within the breast tumor and its tumor microenvironment (TME) is linked to poor clinical outcomes in treatment of resistant breast cancer.

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24.  E-Cadherin as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer

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25.  IL-6 can also increase estrogen levels, both systemically and in breast tumor tissue [2], [10]. Concerning IL8, many studies have indicated its high levels in breast carcinoma subtypes with distinctly poor prognosis, such as basal-like (ER–) and HER2-enriched (HER2+)

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IL-8 is reported to promote breast cancer progression by increasing cell invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases and is upregulated in HER2-positive cancers.

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26.  Two Faces of TGF-Beta1 in Breast Cancer:

In early stages of BC this TGF-β1 inhibits epithelial cell cycle progression and promotes apoptosis, showing tumor suppressive effects. In late stages, TGF-β1 is linked with increased tumor progression, higher cell motility, cancer invasiveness, and metastasis.

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27.  PCNA is a conserved multi-faceted protein in eukaryotes with a critical role in DNA replication and repair and has been historically used as a marker for tumor progression PCNA represents a major anti-cancer target, given its role in DNA replication/repair.Two isoforms of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) have been observed in breast cancer cells. PCNA has proven to be a useful marker to evaluate cell proliferation and prognosis when combined with other breast cancer markers.

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28.  Ki-67 is a nuclear protein associated with proliferation of tumor cells known as a prognostic factor for breast cancer. In estrogen receptor (ER)–positive ERBB2 (formerly HER2/neu)–negative (ER+/ERBB2−) breast cancer, a higher Ki-67 index is associated with a more aggressive tumor and a higher risk of recurrence

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29.  Bax Gene Expression Shows That Bax d and Bax Δ Had a Significant Association in the BC Tumor Tissues Than the other Isoforms

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30.  Bcl-2 plays an anti-apoptotic role, resulting in poor clinical outcome or resistance to therapy in most tumor types expressing Bcl-2. In breast cancer, however, Bcl-2 expression has been reported to be a favorable prognostic factor.

What Incredibly Powerful Natural Medicine!

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Beyond Cancer:
Promising health Benefits of Ellagic Acid

Pomegranate extract (500 mg/day for 8 weeks) can ameliorate some clinical symptoms and reduce neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils in allergic asthma patients.

Ellagic acid supplementation can improve the health status of MS patients

Ellagic Acid and Its Anti-Aging Effects on the Central Nervous System

Ellagic Acid Prevents Dopamine Neuron Degenerationin in MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease

Pomegranate extracts, ellagitannins and ellagic acid are promising agents to target the SARS-CoV-2 virus 

Improving Effect of Ellagic Acid on Sleep Quality and Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Patients with IBS

 Ellagic acid intervention has a favorable effect on depression in MS patients.

Ellagic acid, helps decrease wrinkling and other signs of skin aging related to sun exposure.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel

can relieve psoriasis by repressing NF-κB-mediated IL-1β transcription and caspase-1-regulated IL-1β secretion

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